The Rideau Canal Skateway: an interview with the operator who keeps it open

On a crisp winter morning in Ottawa, the air is tinged with the faint aroma of wood smoke. Skaters glide gracefully over the pristine surface of the Rideau Canal Skateway, their breath visible in the frigid air. This picturesque scene is meticulously curated each winter by a dedicated team of professionals. At the helm of this operation is Daniel Boucher, a seasoned Senior Field Operator with the National Capital Commission (NCC). With twenty-two winters under his belt, Daniel is not only a certified ice safety officer but also a co-author of the NCC’s revised operational ice-thickness protocol in 2023. Our conversation takes place in a small, unassuming NCC office overlooking the canal, where Daniel shares his wealth of knowledge and experience gathered from over two decades of working on the world’s largest naturally frozen skating rink.

Daniel’s role is crucial in ensuring the safety and enjoyment of the millions of visitors who flock to the canal each year. His expertise in ice mechanics, honed at the National Research Council’s (NRC) ice mechanics laboratory in Ottawa, enables him to make critical decisions about the canal’s readiness for public use. As we delve into the intricacies of his work, Daniel’s passion for the canal and its significance to Ottawa becomes abundantly clear.

Meet Daniel: twenty-two winters on the canal

Question: How did you first become involved with the Rideau Canal Skateway, and what has kept you motivated over the years?

Daniel Boucher: My journey with the Rideau Canal began in the winter of 2001. I had just completed my training as an ice safety officer at the NRC and was keen to apply my skills in a real-world setting. The opportunity to work with the NCC came up, and I jumped at the chance. Initially, I was involved in conducting ice thickness measurements, a critical task that determines when the canal can be opened to the public. Over the years, my role has evolved, but the essence of what I do remains the same — ensuring the safety and enjoyment of our visitors.

The sheer scale of the Skateway is what keeps me motivated. Each year, we prepare nearly 7.8 kilometres of ice for skating, stretching from downtown Ottawa to Dows Lake. It’s a monumental task, but seeing the joy it brings to people, both locals and international visitors alike, makes it incredibly rewarding. Plus, the canal is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and being part of its history is a privilege. Learn more about the Rideau Canal’s global significance here.

Spending so much time on the canal means I’ve witnessed everything from tranquil dawns to bustling Winterlude festivities. The dynamic nature of the job, coupled with the unpredictability of the weather, means no two days are the same. This constant change keeps me engaged and excited to face each new season.

Question: Can you share a memorable experience from your years working on the canal?

Daniel Boucher: One particularly memorable experience occurred during the winter of 2013. That year, we faced an unusual warm spell in January, which threatened to delay the canal’s opening. We had to implement a series of strategic measures, including nocturnal flooding and precise ice thickening techniques, to ensure the ice was safe. Despite the challenges, we managed to open the Skateway on January 21st, much to the delight of the public.

It was a testament to the dedication and expertise of the whole team. We had to innovate and adapt quickly, using everything from thermographic imaging to detailed weather models to monitor ice conditions. The successful opening that year reinforced the importance of collaboration and resilience in overcoming natural hurdles.

The canal is not just a job for me; it’s a passion project. The connection I’ve built with my team and the community over the years is invaluable. As we continue to adapt and innovate, our focus remains on maintaining the Skateway as a cherished winter tradition for future generations.

How the ice thickness decision is actually made

Question: What are the key factors that go into determining when the canal is safe for skating?

Daniel Boucher: Determining when the canal is safe for skating is a complex process that involves several key factors. Primarily, we focus on ice thickness, which must reach a minimum of 30 centimetres to safely support the weight of thousands of skaters. This threshold is based on protocols developed in collaboration with the Canadian Ice Service and revised most recently in 2023.

To measure the ice, we employ a combination of traditional and modern techniques. Manual drilling is still a staple — we use augers to drill into the ice at various points along the canal, taking precise measurements. These are complemented by advanced technologies like ground-penetrating radar, which provides a comprehensive view of ice thickness across large sections.

Throughout the season, we conduct daily checks, and during critical periods, these checks can occur multiple times a day. The decision to open the canal is not taken lightly and involves regular consultation with meteorologists and ice experts. Our goal is to balance public enjoyment with absolute safety.

Question: How do you communicate these decisions to the public, and what role does technology play in this?

Daniel Boucher: Communication is crucial, and technology plays a significant role in how we convey information about the canal’s status. We rely heavily on our website and social media channels to provide real-time updates to the public. Voyage Canada and local news outlets also help disseminate this information widely.

In recent years, we’ve developed a mobile app that provides instant notifications about the canal’s conditions, opening times, and any temporary closures. This app has become an invaluable tool for visitors planning their skate, allowing them to stay informed even as conditions change rapidly.

Moreover, we engage with the community through public consultations and feedback sessions. This dialogue allows us to understand visitor concerns and expectations, ensuring that our operations align with public needs while maintaining safety as the top priority.

Our decision-making process is transparent and data-driven, rooted in the latest scientific research and technological advancements. By continually updating our methods and tools, we strive to make the Skateway a safe and enjoyable experience for everyone.

What climate change has changed since 2010

Question: How has climate change impacted the operation of the Rideau Canal Skateway since 2010?

Daniel Boucher: Climate change has significantly impacted the operation of the Rideau Canal Skateway, particularly in terms of ice formation and maintenance. Since 2010, we’ve noticed a marked increase in temperature variability and unpredictable weather patterns. These changes have resulted in shorter skating seasons and more frequent mid-season thaws.

One of the biggest challenges we face is the late onset of sustained cold temperatures, which delays the ice formation process. In the past, we could reliably begin preparing the canal in early December, but now we often find ourselves waiting until late December or even January for consistent cold spells.

The unpredictability of weather patterns also means we have to be more flexible and innovative in our approach. We’ve implemented a series of adaptive measures, such as enhanced ice-making techniques and improved monitoring systems, to cope with these challenges. These efforts are aimed at extending the skating season and ensuring that the canal remains a viable winter attraction despite the changing climate.

Question: What strategies have you implemented to adapt to these changes and ensure the canal remains open?

Daniel Boucher: To adapt to the changes brought about by climate change, we’ve had to rethink our strategies and invest in new technologies. One of the key strategies has been the use of artificial ice-making machines during particularly warm spells. These machines help us build up the ice thickness quickly and efficiently, allowing us to maintain safe conditions even when natural ice formation is slow.

We’ve also increased our reliance on detailed climate models and weather forecasts, which help us anticipate and prepare for sudden temperature shifts. Collaboration with meteorologists and climate scientists has been essential in refining our strategies and ensuring we have the best possible information to guide our decisions.

Public education plays a role as well. By informing visitors about the impact of climate change on the Skateway, we foster a greater understanding and appreciation of the efforts required to keep it open. This education is crucial as we navigate the challenges posed by a changing climate.

For those planning a visit to Ottawa, understanding the best time to visit Ottawa in context of these changes is increasingly important. This ensures that visitors can make the most of their experience on the Skateway, enjoying the unique charm it offers in the heart of winter.

The hidden infrastructure underneath the ice

Question: Can you describe the infrastructure that supports the Rideau Canal Skateway beneath the surface?

Daniel Boucher: Beneath the serene, icy surface of the Rideau Canal Skateway lies a sophisticated network of infrastructure that many don’t realise is there. Our operations are supported by a combination of natural and man-made elements. The canal itself is a marvel of engineering dating back to 1832, but for the Skateway, we rely on modern technology to ensure safety and functionality. Underneath the ice, there are several layers of equipment, including temperature sensors and ice-thickness gauges. These devices are crucial for monitoring the ice’s stability and are positioned at strategic intervals along the canal’s 7.8-kilometre stretch.

The National Capital Commission (NCC) works closely with the National Research Council (NRC) to employ state-of-the-art technology. For instance, we use a device called the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to assess the ice thickness without having to drill into it. This not only improves efficiency but also ensures the integrity of the ice surface is maintained. Additionally, we have a support system of temporary bridges and access points that allow maintenance crews to swiftly move equipment and personnel as needed without disrupting the natural ice formation.

The Skateway’s infrastructure also includes an under-ice water pumping system. This is used to flood the ice surface, which helps in maintaining a smooth skating experience. The water is pumped from the canal itself and is crucial during periods of fluctuating temperatures when natural ice formation can be unpredictable. This method is part of our standard protocol, especially when preparing for events such as Winterlude, where the demand for a pristine skating surface is at its peak.

As I reflect on the intricate network beneath the ice, it’s fascinating to see how historical engineering and modern technology come together to create this winter wonderland. We are constantly adapting to new challenges, such as climate change, which requires us to innovate and invest in new technologies to ensure the Skateway remains a beloved attraction for visitors from around the world.

In uncovering the hidden layers of infrastructure, it becomes evident that the Rideau Canal Skateway is not just a natural ice formation but a carefully managed public space. Each element, from sensors to pumps, plays a vital role in delivering a seamless skating experience.

Question: How do these systems contribute to the overall safety and maintenance of the Skateway?

Daniel Boucher: Safety is our top priority, and the infrastructure in place is designed to uphold this commitment. The sensors and gauges provide real-time data on ice conditions, which is vital for making informed decisions about opening and closing the Skateway. For example, we have a team that monitors data 24/7 during the skating season, ensuring that any fluctuations in ice thickness or temperature are immediately addressed.

Moreover, the under-ice pumping system allows us to respond quickly to environmental changes. If a warm spell threatens the ice integrity, we can deploy this system to add layers of water, which refreeze and strengthen the surface. This proactive approach not only extends the skating season but also provides peace of mind to skaters.

Our maintenance teams are trained extensively in emergency response, thanks to protocols developed in collaboration with local authorities and safety experts. The integration of technology and skilled personnel ensures that the Skateway operates smoothly and safely, preserving its status as a cherished winter destination.

“Our goal is to maintain a balance between tradition and innovation to offer the safest and most enjoyable skating experience on the Rideau Canal.”

What a normal day on the operation looks like

Question: What does a typical day look like for you and your team during the Skateway season?

Daniel Boucher: A typical day for us begins well before dawn. Around 4:00 AM, our crew heads out onto the ice to conduct the first inspection of the day. This involves checking the ice thickness using both traditional drills and the Ground Penetrating Radar. The early hours are crucial as they allow us to evaluate the overnight changes in ice conditions before skaters arrive. By 6:00 AM, we have a full report on the ice conditions, which informs our decision on whether the Skateway can open to the public.

Throughout the day, our team is engaged in various maintenance activities. We operate a fleet of ice-resurfacing machines, similar to those used in hockey arenas, to smooth out any rough patches. This is particularly important after weekends when the canal sees heavy use. In addition, we manage the snow and ice removal around access points and rest areas to ensure safe entry and exit for skaters.

Communication is also a key part of our daily operations. We work closely with the NCC’s communication team to provide timely updates on the Skateway’s status. This includes posting information on the NCC website and social media platforms, as well as coordinating with local media outlets. Our goal is to keep the public informed and engaged, whether it’s a schedule change or highlighting special events like Winterlude.

During the day, our team is on standby to address any issues that arise, from minor repairs to more significant safety concerns. We have a network of volunteers and staff trained to handle emergencies, ensuring that any incidents are managed swiftly and efficiently.

Question: How does your team prepare for special events or peak times?

Daniel Boucher: Preparation for special events, such as Winterlude, begins months in advance. These events attract thousands of visitors, so it’s crucial that everything runs smoothly. We start by coordinating with event organisers and local authorities to establish a comprehensive plan that covers everything from crowd management to emergency protocols.

In the weeks leading up to an event, we increase our maintenance efforts, ensuring that the ice is in top condition. This might involve additional flooding operations or scheduling extra shifts for our maintenance crew. We also ramp up our communication efforts, providing regular updates to the public and coordinating with the festivals and events of Ottawa to ensure a seamless experience for visitors.

On the day of an event, my team is on high alert. We increase the number of staff on the ice to manage the increased foot traffic and deploy additional safety personnel to monitor the crowd. It’s a team effort, and everyone plays a role in ensuring that the event is enjoyable and safe for everyone.

The future of the Skateway

Question: With climate change impacting winter seasons, how is the Skateway adapting for the future?

Daniel Boucher: Climate change poses significant challenges to the Skateway, particularly in terms of the length and reliability of the skating season. Warmer temperatures mean that the window for safe skating is shrinking, and unpredictable weather patterns make it difficult to plan. To address these challenges, we are investing in research and technology that can help us adapt to changing conditions.

One of the initiatives we are exploring is the use of synthetic ice in certain sections of the canal. This would allow us to extend the skating season by providing a safe and consistent surface even when natural ice is not viable. While this is still in the experimental phase, it’s a promising solution that could revolutionise how we operate the Skateway.

We are also working with environmental scientists to develop more efficient and sustainable methods of ice maintenance. This includes exploring alternative energy sources for our equipment and finding ways to reduce our carbon footprint. The goal is to preserve the Skateway for future generations while respecting the environment.

Question: What role does the community play in shaping the future of the Skateway?

Daniel Boucher: The community is integral to the Skateway’s future. Public input and engagement are at the heart of our planning efforts. We conduct regular surveys and public consultations to gather feedback from skaters and local residents. This input helps us understand their priorities and concerns, which we incorporate into our operational strategies.

Additionally, we collaborate with local schools and community organisations to promote environmental education and awareness. By fostering a sense of stewardship among young people, we hope to inspire the next generation to care for and protect this cherished winter attraction.

The future of the Skateway is a shared responsibility. By working together with the community, we can ensure that it remains a vibrant and sustainable part of Ottawa’s cultural landscape. For those planning their visit, it’s worth considering the best time to visit Ottawa to experience the Skateway at its finest.

As our conversation with Daniel Boucher comes to a close, it becomes clear that the Rideau Canal Skateway is not just a local attraction but a testament to Ottawa’s commitment to blending tradition with innovation. The careful balance of historical preservation and modern technology ensures that this unique winter experience continues to thrive.

Reflecting on the dedication and expertise required to maintain the Skateway, one can’t help but appreciate the intricate dance between nature and human ingenuity. Ottawa, with its rich history and vibrant community, offers a unique glimpse into the harmonious coexistence of past and present, tradition and progress.